|
The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award, given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, which became the official name of the award in 1944,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum )〕 in honor of the first MLB commissioner, who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944.〔 MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961.〔Gillette & Palmer, pp. 1764–1765〕 The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what "most valuable" means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters. First basemen, with 34 winners, have won the most MVPs among infielders, followed by second basemen (16), third basemen (15), and shortstops (15). Of the 24 pitchers who have won the award, 15 are right-handed while 9 are left-handed. Walter Johnson, Carl Hubbell, and Hal Newhouser are the only pitchers who have won multiple times, Newhouser winning consecutively in 1944 and 1945.〔http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/j/johnswa01.shtml〕 Hank Greenberg, Stan Musial, Alex Rodriguez, and Robin Yount have won at different positions,〔 while Rodriguez is the only player who has won the award with two different teams at two different positions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Alex Rodriguez Statistics )〕 Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times) and the most consecutively (2001–04).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Barry Bonds Statistics )〕 Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win multiple times;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jimmie Foxx Statistics )〕 9 players have won three times, and 19 have won twice.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Most Valuable Player MVP Awards & Cy Young Awards Winners )〕 Frank Robinson is the only player to win the award in both the American and National Leagues. The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979, when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received an equal number of points.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Baseball Awards Voting for 1979 )〕 There have been 17 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes.〔 The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22, followed by the St. Louis Cardinals with 17 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following four teams: Arizona Diamondbacks, Miami Marlins, New York Mets, and Tampa Bay Rays. The most recent recipients are Josh Donaldson in the American League and Bryce Harper in the National League. In recent decades, pitchers have rarely won the award. When Justin Verlander won the AL award in 2011, he became the first pitcher in either league to be named the MVP since Dennis Eckersley in 1992. Verlander also became the first starting pitcher to win this award since Roger Clemens had accomplished the feat in 1986. The National League went even longer without an MVP award to a pitcher—after Bob Gibson won in 1968, no pitcher in that league was named MVP until Kershaw in 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Clayton Kershaw, Dodgers )〕 ==Chalmers Award (1911–1914)== Before the 1910 season, Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highest batting average in Major League Baseball at the end of the season. The 1910 race for best average in the American League was between the Detroit Tigers' widely disliked〔〔 〕 Ty Cobb and Nap Lajoie of the Cleveland Indians. On the last day of the season, Lajoie overtook Cobb's batting average with seven bunt hits against the St. Louis Browns. American League President Ban Johnson said a recalculation showed that Cobb had won the race anyway, and Chalmers ended up awarding cars to both players.〔 The following season, Chalmers created the Chalmers Award. A committee of baseball writers were to convene after the season to determine the "most important and useful player to the club and to the league". Since the award was not as effective at advertising as Chalmers had hoped, it was discontinued after 1914.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|